The Tm:fiber laser, operating in a broadly tunable region around 2000 nm, can be operated efficiently when the fiber core is heavily doped. In that case, one pump photon at 790 nm can generate two laser photons, due to a cross relaxation process between pairs of Tm ions. We will discuss scaling efforts with Tm:silica fibers, where we have generated cw powers as his as 885 W. Applications of the laser system include eyesafer directed energy, high-power mid-IR sources and laser-driven electron accelerators for high-energy physics investigations.
Thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) have the potential to reach cost-effective PV-generated electricity. The technology has transitioned from the laboratory to the market place. Pilot production and first-time manufacturing are ramping up to higher capacity and enjoying a flood of venture-capital funding. CIGS solar cells and modules have achieved 20% and 13.5% efficiencies, respectively. Higher efficiencies from the laboratory and from the manufacturing line are only a matter of time.
Optical network solutions arise from a dynamic equilibrium of past practice, growing demand, fixed geography, and scarcity of resources (including time). I will describe physical layer aspects of commercial solutions which make use electric field transmission and electronic DSP to meet present and future requirements of optical networks.
Ginzton Laboratory - AP 207 - Stanford University - Stanford, CA 94305-4088
P: 650-723-5627
F: 650-725-1822
Email: photonics@stanford.edu
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